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2009-07-30 14:40:55
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遵循建筑原有的結(jié)構(gòu)是營造好房子的要點(diǎn)
本刊
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1、A+C：One question is related to historical residence, historical residence houses, the house in old dynasties of China, the condition is not good, those houses are regarded as monuments, also they are used in daily life, still be houses to be used. How can you make some connections, one hand to preserve them, one hand can be modernized and be comfortably used in daily life. Can or not?
A+C：第一個問題是有關(guān)于古建筑民居的。中國古代遺存下來的民居，現(xiàn)狀很差，這些紀(jì)念碑式的建筑仍用于日常生活起居。你是如何處理歷史文物保護(hù)和營造現(xiàn)代化舒適的居室這兩者之間的關(guān)系的？將兩者結(jié)合起來行得通嗎？
Christian Renfer: I think we have all possibilities to obey on the structure to be convenient. When you know the structure of the house, residence houses of a public being, you make real underline. I think you will find any solutions to do what is necessary to help you to make some lobby, kitchen, offices. Office conforms to their need, the most important, the structure, what was the idea of (technique) vision to being so and so. In our country, we have to find solutions, because all these buildings are so ancient houses. We compare just as I know today ecological particular, the need is clear for arrange a basic scale, for the house we strike, need a square enter the mouth. It is just not possible to preserve a public house in the series, so they disguise 3 thousand or 2 thousand, just a square in the mouth. You have to find a solution to use it, and abiding with more than one or two points. You have many inventions in the house, so solution is not to leave it but to find the best solution, to take the most section from the structure of the house.
Christian Renfer：我們要盡一切可能去遵循建筑原有的結(jié)構(gòu)，保持建筑原來的構(gòu)架以方便后續(xù)工作的展開。當(dāng)你了解房屋以及民居建筑形態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)時，就已經(jīng)掌握了要點(diǎn)。我相信會找到相應(yīng)的解決方法，采取必要的措施營建一些休息室、廚房、辦公區(qū)等。辦公室要因需而設(shè)，最重要的是結(jié)構(gòu)，它是視覺的引導(dǎo)思想（技藝的靈魂所在），決定了該怎樣安置。
我們必需要找出解決的方法，因?yàn)檫@些古建筑有很高的歷史價值。我們比較房屋附近的建筑風(fēng)格、環(huán)境條件等，在當(dāng)今要滿足生態(tài)人居環(huán)境的需求，我們需要從入口處形成一片街區(qū)。因?yàn)椴豢赡芄铝⒌膬H僅只保護(hù)古建筑房屋，而是在一定的輻射范圍內(nèi)，比如假設(shè)2千或者3千米的輻射半徑形成一個街區(qū)，分成一到兩個部分甚至更多。在房子里有很多創(chuàng)新構(gòu)架，要找到方法來利用它們，解決方法不是將它們擱置一旁，而是找到最佳的途徑，最大化的利用房子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2、
A+C：What’s your idea of good house? Because they are in this issue, what is good house, the definition of good house like fully kept house, ornamented houses, can you say something generally？
A+C：你是如何定義好房子的，這是本期雜志的討論話題。好房子的定義，譬如是保存完好的房子，還是豪宅呢，您能就一般情況來談?wù)剢幔?br />
Christian Renfer: material, good being, good construction, be typical. Good or bad, objectively naturally.
Renfer：比如房子材質(zhì)比較好，保存完好，質(zhì)量過硬，帶有典型的特征等等。房子是好還是壞，在我看來，比較客觀的、自然的房子就稱之為好房子。
3、
A+C: How to make longer of the house, objectively good quality house?
A+C： 如何延長這些好房子的生命周期？
Christian Renfer: That’s difficult. Because I think to make better quality, to make some addition, I mean in material, to reform the construction, to do convenience, the classical use are interrelated. Then you have to find some convenience, the need in present or future time. But if this house is a monument, have to take some actions. You are a good architect, a good designer to find the solution to make high quality of the house. But not to destroy the historical house, now constitute another part, objectively to transform, to add to the ancient house and make their life longer obeying objective principle.
Renfer：這個問題很難。我們應(yīng)該在質(zhì)量方面追求更高的品質(zhì)，做些延伸拓展，多點(diǎn)增加值。我是指在材料方面，革新建筑工藝，便利化，考慮到典型的使用需求，那樣不僅在現(xiàn)在乃至將來房子居住使用都還是很方便。但是如果是古建筑、紀(jì)念碑式的建筑，有很高的歷史價值，就必須采取一些措施。一位很好的建筑師、優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)者，他能夠在不破壞原有的歷史遺存物的前提下，尋求更好的方法提高房屋的質(zhì)量，延長他們的使用時間，在保護(hù)建筑方面堅(jiān)持客觀的原則。
Christian Renfer 瑞士蘇黎世州文物保護(hù)局前局長、瑞士聯(lián)邦政府文物保護(hù)專家
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